Genome editing, spearheaded by CRISPR–Cas technology since 2012, has transformed research globally and led to breakthroughs in treating genetic diseases like sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia. Despite its potential, genome editing remains largely untapped in Africa due to various obstacles like regulatory uncertainties, limited infrastructure, and funding shortages. This underutilization is a missed opportunity for addressing critical challenges in agriculture, public health, and medicine on the continent.
In agriculture, where up to 35% of Africa's GDP is contributed and where food security is a pressing concern, genome editing could offer tailored solutions. For example, scientists are exploring editing crops like sorghum to combat agricultural pests and diseases, and enhancing livestock for disease resistance and environmental sustainability. In public health, where Africa grapples with endemic diseases and weak health systems, genome editing holds promise for developing vaccines, combating vector-borne diseases, and improving disease detection and treatment.
However, several roadblocks hinder the adoption of genome editing in Africa. These include mistrust surrounding genetic engineering, outdated regulatory frameworks, and a lack of local expertise and infrastructure. To overcome these challenges, concerted efforts are needed, including:
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Building Trust and Awareness: Governments and research institutes must engage in transparent communication to build public trust and understanding of genome editing, addressing ethical concerns and misinformation.
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Regulatory Frameworks: Establishing product-based regulatory frameworks that differentiate between various genome-edited products is crucial. This involves updating existing GMO regulations to accommodate the diverse nature of genome-edited products.
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Infrastructure and Capacity Building: Investing in local infrastructure and training programs for scientists is essential. This includes providing practical training in genome editing techniques, creating research consortia, and supporting initiatives for continuous education and mentorship.
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Funding and Partnerships: Governments should commit to allocating funds for research and development, while fostering public-private partnerships to ensure sustainable financing. Tax incentives and regulatory support can attract private investments in genome editing startups.
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Knowledge Transfer and Retention: Encouraging African scientists to return home and providing incentives for knowledge transfer can help retain expertise and facilitate technology transfer.
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Research Time and Space: Providing researchers with protected research time and adequate resources can foster innovation and knowledge sharing.
By addressing these challenges and investing in public engagement, regulation, funding, and capacity building, Africa can unlock the potential of genome editing to address its unique challenges and drive innovation locally. Ultimately, locally developed genome editing solutions can contribute significantly to addressing the continent's pressing needs in agriculture, public health, and beyond.
Please find the original version of the article below:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-024-02187-2
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